Izinto zomhlaba ezinqabileyo (REEs) ziye zaba yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yobomi banamhlanje, njengoko ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yeemveliso ezahlukeneyo zobugcisa obuphezulu njengee-smartphones, izithuthi zombane, iiinjini zomoya, kunye neenkqubo zezixhobo. Nangona ishishini lomhlaba elinqabileyo lilincinane xa lithelekiswa namanye amacandelo ezimbiwa, ukubaluleka kwalo kukhule ngokukhawuleza kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo, ikakhulu ngenxa yokunyuka kwemfuno yobuchwepheshe obutsha kunye nokutshintshela kwihlabathi jikelele kwimithombo yamandla ezinzileyo.
Uphuhliso lomhlaba olunqabileyo lube ngumxholo onomdla kumazwe aliqela kwihlabathi liphela, kubandakanya iChina, iUnited States kunye neOstreliya. Kangangeminyaka emininzi, i-China ibiyeyona iphambili ekuboneleleni ngee-REEs, ibalelwa ngaphezulu kwe-80% yemveliso yehlabathi. Umhlaba onqabileyo awunqabile ngokwenene, kodwa kunzima ukuwukhupha kunye nokusebenza, ukwenza imveliso yawo kunye nokubonelela ngomsebenzi onzima kunye nomngeni. Nangona kunjalo, ngokukhula kwemfuno yee-REEs, kubekho ukwanda okubonakalayo kwimisebenzi yokuhlola kunye nophuhliso, ekhokelela kwimithombo emitsha yomhlaba onqabileyo ofunyenweyo kwaye waphuhliswa.
Omnye umkhwa kushishino lomhlaba onqabileyo kukukhula kwemfuno yezinto ezithile ezinqabileyo zomhlaba. I-Neodymium kunye nepraseodymium, ezingamacandelo abalulekileyo kwiimagnethi ezisisigxina ezisetyenziswa kumacandelo ahlukeneyo oshishino kunye nobuchwepheshe obuphezulu, zenza ipesenti enkulu yemfuno yomhlaba enqabileyo. I-Europium, enye into enqabileyo yomhlaba, isetyenziswe kumabonakude ombala kunye nokukhanya kwe-fluorescent. I-Dysprosium, i-terbium, kunye ne-yttrium nazo zifunwa kakhulu ngenxa yeempawu zazo ezizodwa, zibenza babaluleke kakhulu ekwenzeni iimveliso zobugcisa obuphezulu.
Imfuno ekhulayo yale mihlaba inqabileyo ithetha ukuba kukho imfuneko yokwanda kwemveliso, efuna utyalo-mali olubalulekileyo ekuhloleni, emigodini nasekulungiseni. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuntsokotha okubandakanyekayo ekutsalweni nasekusetyenzweni kwee-REEs, kunye nemigaqo engqongqo yokusingqongileyo ekhoyo, iinkampani zemigodi zijongene nemingeni ebalulekileyo ethi icothise inkqubo yophuhliso.
Nangona kunjalo, amathemba ophuhliso lomhlaba anqabileyo ahlala elungile, kunye nemfuno ekhulayo yobuchwepheshe obutsha, izithuthi zombane, kunye nemithombo yamandla avuselelekayo edala imfuno ekhulayo yeeREE. Ithemba lokukhula kwexesha elide kweli candelo lilungile, kwaye imakethi yomhlaba enqabileyo yehlabathi kulindeleke ukuba ifikelele kwi-16.21 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-2026, ikhula kwi-CAGR ye-8.44% phakathi kuka-2021-2026.
Ukuqukumbela, intsingiselo yophuhliso lomhlaba onqabileyo kunye nethemba lilungile. Ngokukhula kwemfuno yeemveliso zobugcisa obuphezulu, kukho imfuneko yokonyuka kwemveliso yeeREE. Nangona kunjalo, iinkampani zemigodi kufuneka zijonge izinto ezintsonkothileyo ezibandakanyekayo ekutsalweni nasekusetyenzweni kwee-REEs kwaye zithobele imithetho engqongqo yokusingqongileyo. Nangona kunjalo, amathuba okukhula kwexesha elide kushishino lomhlaba onqabileyo ahlala eqinile, okwenza kube lithuba elinomtsalane kubatyali-zimali kunye nabachaphazelekayo.
Ixesha lokuposa: May-05-2023
